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J F. Gamble, R J. Lewis
Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc., East Millstone, New Jersey 08875-2350, USA
Abstract Top
Numerous studies have reported weak but statistically significant acute health effects of particulate air pollution. The associations are observed at levels below the current U.S. standard of 150 μgrams/m3 (24 hr). Health effects include acute increased mortality from cardiopulmonary conditions and acute morbidity such as hospital admissions for related diseases. We reviewed recent epidemiology studies to evaluate whether criteria for causality are met, and we conclude that they are not. The weak associations are as likely to be due to confounding by weather, copollutants, or exposure misclassification as by ambient particulate matter (PM). The results from the same metropolitan areas are inconsistent, and PM explains such a small amount of the variability in mortality/morbidity that the association has little practical significance. Finally, experimental chamber studies of susceptible individuals exposed to PM concentrations well above 150 μgrams/m3 provide no evidence to support the morbidity/mortality findings. None of the criteria for establishing causality of the PM/mortality hypothesis are clearly met at ambient concentrations common in many U.S. cities.
Citation: Gamble JF, Lewis RJ 1996. Health and respirable particulate (PM10) air pollution: a causal or statistical association? Environ Health Perspect 104:838-850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.96104838
Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc., East Millstone, New Jersey 08875-2350, USA
Abstract Top
Numerous studies have reported weak but statistically significant acute health effects of particulate air pollution. The associations are observed at levels below the current U.S. standard of 150 μgrams/m3 (24 hr). Health effects include acute increased mortality from cardiopulmonary conditions and acute morbidity such as hospital admissions for related diseases. We reviewed recent epidemiology studies to evaluate whether criteria for causality are met, and we conclude that they are not. The weak associations are as likely to be due to confounding by weather, copollutants, or exposure misclassification as by ambient particulate matter (PM). The results from the same metropolitan areas are inconsistent, and PM explains such a small amount of the variability in mortality/morbidity that the association has little practical significance. Finally, experimental chamber studies of susceptible individuals exposed to PM concentrations well above 150 μgrams/m3 provide no evidence to support the morbidity/mortality findings. None of the criteria for establishing causality of the PM/mortality hypothesis are clearly met at ambient concentrations common in many U.S. cities.
Citation: Gamble JF, Lewis RJ 1996. Health and respirable particulate (PM10) air pollution: a causal or statistical association? Environ Health Perspect 104:838-850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.96104838
Fugitive Dust
Mon, 20th June, 2011
Also know as nuisance dust consists of dust particles that are small than 10 microns (PM10) that, when breathed in, create respiratory and other health issues. Do you have issues in your neighborhood and don't know who to call?
Track-Out
Sun, 19th June, 2011
Is there enough being done to prevent vehicle track out of dirt and sediment onto our public streets and highways?
SWANA ARF Report on Long-Term Environmental Risks of Subtitle D Landfills
Speaker: Jeremy O’Brien, Director, SWANA Applied Research Foundation
Session Description: In this presentation, key findings and highlights from SWANA’s newly released, peer-reviewed report on “The Long-Term Environmental Risks of Subtitle D Landfills” will be addressed.
This report summarizes what is known about the actual long-term environmental risks associated with Subtitle D landfills and introduces long-term care alternatives that can be used to manage and minimize these risks. This presentation will include findings regarding the current performance of the environmental protection systems that are integral components of Subtitle D landfills, as well as conclusions regarding the types and magnitudes of the long-term environmental risks that these landfills present. Monitoring programs and management strategies that can be used to mitigate these risks and improve long-term environmental performance of Subtitle D landfills will also be presented.
In light of its important and far-reaching conclusions, the report was subjected to an outside peer review by an independent panel comprised of leading academicians and was subsequently revised to respond to the questions and comments raised through the peer review process.
To access the report or for more information about SWANA’s Applied Research Foundation (ARF), please visit www.swana.org/arf.
Speaker: Jeremy O’Brien, Director, SWANA Applied Research Foundation
Session Description: In this presentation, key findings and highlights from SWANA’s newly released, peer-reviewed report on “The Long-Term Environmental Risks of Subtitle D Landfills” will be addressed.
This report summarizes what is known about the actual long-term environmental risks associated with Subtitle D landfills and introduces long-term care alternatives that can be used to manage and minimize these risks. This presentation will include findings regarding the current performance of the environmental protection systems that are integral components of Subtitle D landfills, as well as conclusions regarding the types and magnitudes of the long-term environmental risks that these landfills present. Monitoring programs and management strategies that can be used to mitigate these risks and improve long-term environmental performance of Subtitle D landfills will also be presented.
In light of its important and far-reaching conclusions, the report was subjected to an outside peer review by an independent panel comprised of leading academicians and was subsequently revised to respond to the questions and comments raised through the peer review process.
To access the report or for more information about SWANA’s Applied Research Foundation (ARF), please visit www.swana.org/arf.